Transcriptomics · Proteomics · Cancer cachexia

Cancer Cachexia Atlas

A browsable collection of published cancer-cachexia data from human and mouse skeletal muscle: 14 datasets spanning bulk RNA-seq, microarray, single-cell and single-nucleus RNA (105,161 cells and nuclei), and mass-spectrometry proteomics. Search a gene, see it across cell types, sample groups or protein groups, and open a full explorer for differential analysis and pathway enrichment.

How to use
  • Pick a layer (RNA or Protein), then an organism, then scroll the datasets.
  • Use the Filters (sidebar, top) to narrow by technology, cancer type or model system.
  • Use Jump to dataset (sidebar, below) to scroll to a study.
  • Each dataset shows a lightweight inline preview; open the full explorer for interactive analyses.
Two cross-dataset views
  • RNA ↔ Protein compares transcript and protein effects for the same model, and only for comparisons declared comparable in advance. There are currently 3 such comparisons across 7 contrasts. Each one leads with a coherence test, so a pair of layers that does not track each other says so instead of serving a ranked table.
  • Gene across datasets does the opposite on purpose: it puts one feature across all 14 datasets on a single screen, including datasets that are not comparable to each other, because that is the only way to ask whether a gene behaves the same way in different cachexia models. Magnitudes stay on each dataset's own scale, and a dataset that never measured the feature still occupies a row so the denominator is visible.
Scope & provenance
  • Human and Mouse datasets; the structure accommodates clinical siblings.
  • Every dataset links out to its repository record — GEO for transcriptomics, ProteomeXchange for proteomics — and to its publication (DOI). Descriptions are the atlas author's own summaries, not reproduced text.
  • Some datasets carry an Exploratory caveat where sample size makes contrasts hypothesis-generating — read it before interpreting.
  • Where a study's published statistics were unusable, the atlas computes its own and labels them. This applies to 2 of the 3 proteomics datasets, each of which carries a statistics source chip reading published, FDR added by atlas, or computed by atlas.

This atlas presents published data for browsing, and re-derives statistics only where the published ones could not be used — always labelled, never silently. No two datasets here were measured on the same samples, so every cross-dataset comparison is hypothesis-generating rather than a multi-omic measurement.

Skeletal muscle bulk RNA-seq — B0092 head & neck cancer cachexia (Livingston 2025)

Mouse · Head & neck cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma (B0092)

Bulk RNA-seq of skeletal muscle from male C57BL/6J mice bearing the tobacco-induced B0092 oral squamous-cell-carcinoma tumour — a new preclinical model of head-and-neck-cancer cachexia — versus non-tumour controls (4 per group). Used here to browse gene-level expression and differential expression driving muscle wasting in head-and-neck-cancer cachexia.

Exploratory Exploratory: only the male-host muscle RNA-seq arm is included (n = 4 per group). The published study also reports female mice and myotube conditioned-media experiments, which are not part of this dataset.
Bulk RNA-seq — skeletal muscle Available
skeletal muscle · 8 samples
Overview

Sample table in the explorer →

Gene expression — sample groups
Differential expression
16,372 genes tested
Open the full explorer to interact →
Pathway enrichment
GSEA (3 collections) + enrichR
Open the full explorer to interact →

Skeletal muscle bulk RNA-seq — C26 colorectal-cachexia timecourse (Cabrera 2025)

Mouse · Colorectal cancer (Colon-26 / C26) GSE276018

Bulk RNA-seq of mouse tibialis anterior muscle across a Colon-26 (C26) colorectal-cancer cachexia timecourse — PBS control and 10, 20, and 25 days after tumour implant (male mice, 31 samples). Used here to browse how muscle gene expression and enriched pathways shift as cachexia develops from onset to severe wasting, via a per-contrast differential-expression view and a pathway-enrichment trajectory across timepoints.

Exploratory Exploratory: only the male-host C26 bulk-transcriptome arm is included here. The published study also spans female mice, a severe genetic cachexia model, and a paired DNA-methylome layer, which are not part of this dataset.
Bulk RNA-seq — TA muscle (C26 timecourse) Available
skeletal muscle (tibialis anterior) · 31 samples
Overview

Sample table in the explorer →

Gene expression — sample groups
Differential expression
4 contrasts (LRT + pairwise)
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Pathway trajectory
GSEA trajectory (3 collections)
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Skeletal muscle bulk RNA-seq — mC26 liver-metastatic cachexia (Huot 2020)

Mouse · Colorectal cancer, liver-metastatic (mC26)

Bulk RNA-seq of mouse skeletal muscle from the intrasplenic (liver-metastatic) Colon-26 (mC26) cachexia model versus control, 4 samples per group. Used here to browse gene-level expression and differential expression driving liver-metastatic colorectal-cancer cachexia. (The subcutaneous C26 arm of the study is intentionally excluded.)

Bulk RNA-seq — skeletal muscle Available
skeletal muscle · 8 samples
Overview

Sample table in the explorer →

Gene expression — sample groups
Differential expression
17,022 genes tested
Open the full explorer to interact →
Pathway enrichment
GSEA (3 collections) + enrichR
Open the full explorer to interact →

Skeletal muscle scRNA-seq — C26 colorectal-cancer cachexia (Pryce 2024)

Mouse · Colorectal cancer (Colon-26 / C26) GSE248800

Single-cell RNA-seq of the mononuclear (stromal and immune) compartment of mouse skeletal muscle in the Colon-26 (C26) colorectal-cancer cachexia model versus control, profiling 32,042 cells across 10 populations. Used here to localize cachexia-associated transcriptional changes — including the muscle inflammatory response — to specific non-myofiber cell types.

Exploratory Exploratory: whole-cell scRNA-seq captures the mononuclear (stromal and immune) compartment, not mature myofibers/myonuclei — it is complementary to single-nucleus muscle data. Condition contrasts (tumour vs control within a cell type) are hypothesis-generating; one sparse cell type is below the DE power threshold and is omitted from the differential-expression view.
scRNA-seq — skeletal muscle Available
skeletal muscle · 32,042 nuclei/cells
Overview

Full cell composition in the explorer →

Gene expression — UMAP
Cachexia DE (tumour vs control)
9 of 10 cell types tested
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Marker genes
500 marker records
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Skeletal muscle scRNA-seq — KPP pancreatic-cancer cachexia (Pryce 2024)

Mouse · Pancreatic cancer (KPP GEMM) GSE248800

Single-cell RNA-seq of the mononuclear (stromal and immune) compartment of mouse skeletal muscle in the KPP genetic model of pancreatic-cancer cachexia versus control, profiling 50,567 cells across 10 populations. Used here to localize cachexia-associated transcriptional changes — including the muscle inflammatory response — to specific non-myofiber cell types.

Exploratory Exploratory: whole-cell scRNA-seq captures the mononuclear (stromal and immune) compartment, not mature myofibers/myonuclei — it is complementary to single-nucleus muscle data. Condition contrasts (tumour vs control within a cell type) are hypothesis-generating.
scRNA-seq — skeletal muscle Available
skeletal muscle · 50,567 nuclei/cells
Overview

Full cell composition in the explorer →

Gene expression — UMAP
Cachexia DE (tumour vs control)
10 of 10 cell types tested
Open the full explorer to interact →
Marker genes
500 marker records
Open the full explorer to interact →

Skeletal muscle snRNA-seq — KIC cancer cachexia (Zhang 2024)

Mouse · Pancreatic cancer cachexia (KIC model) GSE272083

Single-nucleus RNA-seq of mouse skeletal muscle comparing a healthy control to a KIC pancreatic-cancer cachexia model, profiling 9,379 nuclei across 15 myonuclear and stromal populations. Used here to localize cachexia-associated transcriptional changes to specific muscle and non-myogenic nuclei.

Exploratory Exploratory: one sequencing library per condition (n = 1 per condition), so condition and batch are fully confounded. Treat all condition contrasts as hypothesis-generating.
snRNA-seq — skeletal muscle Available
skeletal muscle · 9,379 nuclei/cells
Overview

Full cell composition in the explorer →

Gene expression — UMAP
Cachexia DE (tumour vs control)
12 of 15 cell types tested
Open the full explorer to interact →
Marker genes
12,716 marker records
Open the full explorer to interact →
snATAC-seq / multiome — skeletal muscle Coming soon

ATAC-seq / multiome data for this study is not yet processed into the atlas.

Skeletal muscle bulk RNA-seq — B0092 head & neck cancer cachexia (Livingston 2025) — Bulk RNA-seq — skeletal muscle
Samples
Dataset facts
Volcano
Differentially expressed genes
GSEA (fgsea prerank)
Skeletal muscle bulk RNA-seq — C26 colorectal-cachexia timecourse (Cabrera 2025) — Bulk RNA-seq — TA muscle (C26 timecourse)
Samples
Dataset facts
Differentially expressed genes
NES trajectory across timepoints
Pathway × timepoint table
Skeletal muscle bulk RNA-seq — mC26 liver-metastatic cachexia (Huot 2020) — Bulk RNA-seq — skeletal muscle
Samples
Dataset facts
Volcano
Differentially expressed genes
GSEA (fgsea prerank)
Skeletal muscle scRNA-seq — C26 colorectal-cancer cachexia (Pryce 2024) — scRNA-seq — skeletal muscle
UMAP by cell type
UMAP by condition
Cell-type proportions
Cell counts
Volcano
Differentially expressed genes
Top marker genes — scaled mean expression
Dot plot — custom gene set
Skeletal muscle scRNA-seq — KPP pancreatic-cancer cachexia (Pryce 2024) — scRNA-seq — skeletal muscle
UMAP by cell type
UMAP by condition
Cell-type proportions
Cell counts
Volcano
Differentially expressed genes
Top marker genes — scaled mean expression
Dot plot — custom gene set
Skeletal muscle snRNA-seq — KIC cancer cachexia (Zhang 2024) — snRNA-seq — skeletal muscle
UMAP by cell type
UMAP by condition
Cell-type proportions
Cell counts
Volcano
Differentially expressed genes
Top marker genes — scaled mean expression
Dot plot — custom gene set

Skeletal muscle bulk RNA-seq — pancreatic cancer (cachectic vs control)

Human · Pancreatic cancer (PDAC) GSE133523

Bulk RNA-seq of human rectus abdominis skeletal muscle contrasting cachectic cancer patients against non-cachectic controls, 10 samples (5 per group). The human muscle arm of the study that introduced the KPP mouse model, giving a focused cachectic-vs-control contrast that complements the larger PDAC-vs-control cohort (GSE133979).

Bulk RNA-seq — skeletal muscle Available
skeletal muscle (rectus abdominis) · 10 samples
Overview

Sample table in the explorer →

Gene expression — sample groups
Differential expression
25,840 genes tested
Open the full explorer to interact →
Pathway enrichment
GSEA (3 collections)
Open the full explorer to interact →

Skeletal muscle bulk RNA-seq — pancreatic cancer (PDAC vs control)

Human · Pancreatic cancer (PDAC) GSE133979

Bulk RNA-seq (Ion AmpliSeq transcriptome) of human skeletal muscle (rectus abdominis) from patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) versus non-cancer controls, 34 muscle samples (23 PDAC, 11 control). The muscle arm of a study that also profiled adipose (not included here) — a human counterpart to the mouse pancreatic-cachexia muscle datasets for browsing gene-level expression, PDAC-vs-control differential expression, and pathway enrichment.

Bulk RNA-seq — skeletal muscle Available
skeletal muscle (rectus abdominis) · 34 samples
Overview

Sample table in the explorer →

Gene expression — sample groups
Differential expression
17,191 genes tested
Open the full explorer to interact →
Pathway enrichment
GSEA (3 collections)
Open the full explorer to interact →

Skeletal muscle microarray — upper-GI cancer (cancer vs control)

Human · Upper-GI cancer GSE18832

Affymetrix microarray profiling of human rectus abdominis skeletal muscle from upper-gastrointestinal cancer patients versus non-cancer controls, 21 samples (18 cancer, 3 control). One of the earliest human muscle cancer-cachexia transcriptomic cohorts.

Microarray — skeletal muscle Available
skeletal muscle (rectus abdominis) · 21 samples
Overview

Sample table in the explorer →

Gene expression — sample groups
Differential expression
21,355 genes tested
Open the full explorer to interact →
Pathway enrichment
GSEA (3 collections)
Open the full explorer to interact →

Skeletal muscle microarray — upper-GI cancer (cancer vs healthy)

Human · Upper-GI cancer GSE34111

Affymetrix microarray profiling of human quadriceps skeletal muscle from upper-gastrointestinal cancer patients versus healthy controls, 18 samples (12 pre-operative cancer biopsies, 6 healthy). Cancer-vs-healthy expression in a limb (quadriceps) muscle; the source series also includes post-resection timepoints that are not used in this contrast.

Microarray — skeletal muscle Available
skeletal muscle (quadriceps) · 18 samples
Overview

Sample table in the explorer →

Gene expression — sample groups
Differential expression
21,355 genes tested
Open the full explorer to interact →
Pathway enrichment
GSEA (3 collections)
Open the full explorer to interact →

Skeletal muscle scRNA-seq — human pancreatic-cancer cachexia (Pryce 2024)

Human · Pancreatic cancer (PDAC) GSE248800

Single-cell RNA-seq of the mononuclear (stromal and immune) compartment of human skeletal muscle in pancreatic-cancer cachexia, profiling 13,173 cells across 8 populations from cachectic, weight-stable, and control patients. The human counterpart to the mouse KPP/C26 arms — used to ask which non-myofiber cell types carry cachexia-associated transcriptional changes in patients.

Exploratory Exploratory: whole-cell scRNA-seq captures the mononuclear (stromal and immune) compartment, not mature myofibers. The differential-expression tab is the cachectic-vs-control contrast (weight-stable patients appear in the UMAP/composition but are excluded from that contrast); it is hypothesis-generating, not a powered clinical comparison.
scRNA-seq — skeletal muscle Available
skeletal muscle · 13,173 nuclei/cells
Overview

Full cell composition in the explorer →

Gene expression — UMAP
Cachexia DE (tumour vs control)
7 of 8 cell types tested
Open the full explorer to interact →
Marker genes
400 marker records
Open the full explorer to interact →
Skeletal muscle bulk RNA-seq — pancreatic cancer (cachectic vs control) — Bulk RNA-seq — skeletal muscle
Samples
Dataset facts
Volcano
Differentially expressed genes
GSEA (fgsea prerank)
Skeletal muscle bulk RNA-seq — pancreatic cancer (PDAC vs control) — Bulk RNA-seq — skeletal muscle
Samples
Dataset facts
Volcano
Differentially expressed genes
GSEA (fgsea prerank)
Skeletal muscle microarray — upper-GI cancer (cancer vs control) — Microarray — skeletal muscle
Samples
Dataset facts
Volcano
Differentially expressed genes
GSEA (fgsea prerank)
Skeletal muscle microarray — upper-GI cancer (cancer vs healthy) — Microarray — skeletal muscle
Samples
Dataset facts
Volcano
Differentially expressed genes
GSEA (fgsea prerank)
Skeletal muscle scRNA-seq — human pancreatic-cancer cachexia (Pryce 2024) — scRNA-seq — skeletal muscle
UMAP by cell type
UMAP by condition
Cell-type proportions
Cell counts
Volcano
Differentially expressed genes
Top marker genes — scaled mean expression
Dot plot — custom gene set

Skeletal muscle proteomics — AML induction chemotherapy (Campelj 2025)

Mouse · Acute myeloid leukaemia (chemotherapy-induced muscle wasting)

TMTpro quantitative proteomics of quadriceps muscle from male Balb/c mice given the standard AML induction regimen (daunorubicin days 1-3 plus cytarabine days 1-7) or vehicle, with and without voluntary wheel running, sampled 24 hours after treatment and again after a two-week recovery. Used here to browse how the muscle proteome responds to chemotherapy rather than to a tumour, and whether exercise changes that response.

Exploratory Exploratory, and the differential statistics here are the atlas's own, not the authors'. No differential table was published, so abundances were re-normalized (sample-loading, then internal-reference scaling against the bridge channel) and tested with limma within each contrast separately; missing values are not imputed, and proteins detected in one arm and wholly absent from the other are reported as on/off with no fold change or p-value. Both of the paper's candidate biomarkers move in the reported direction in the sedentary chemotherapy contrast: haptoglobin (Hp) rises 3.2 log2 units and is the single most significant protein in the dataset, while glutamine synthetase (Glul) rises 0.9 log2 units but does not reach a 5% false-discovery threshold here. So the haptoglobin claim reproduces strongly and the glutamine-synthetase claim is directional but underpowered at six animals per arm. Note also that a protein quantified in only one of the two TMT plexes loses half of every arm, so a few on/off calls rest on three samples rather than six; those are flagged. Male mice only; sex cannot be examined as a variable.
Proteomics — quadriceps (TMTpro 18-plex) Available
skeletal muscle (quadriceps) · 33 samples
Overview

Sample table and full pipeline in the explorer →

Protein abundance — sample groups
Differential abundance
5,126 of 5,307 protein groups testable · 3 contrasts
Open the full explorer to interact →
Detection
12.8% missing · 9 on/off
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Skeletal muscle proteomics — C26 colorectal-cancer cachexia (Massart 2020)

Mouse · Colorectal cancer (Colon-26 / C26)

Label-free quantitative proteomics of mouse gastrocnemius muscle from subcutaneous Colon-26 (C26) tumour-bearing mice versus saline controls at day 10, six animals per group. Each muscle was separated into a sarcoplasmic (soluble) and a myofibrillar fraction and measured independently, so the two fractions appear here as two assays over the same twelve animals. Used to browse which muscle proteins change in abundance during cachexia, and which are detected in only one of the two groups.

Exploratory Exploratory, and read the detection panel alongside the fold changes. The published analysis applied no multiple-testing correction — 228 of 958 sarcoplasmic proteins reach raw p < 0.05 where roughly 48 are expected by chance — so the atlas adds Benjamini-Hochberg adjustment to the authors' own t-test. Proteins detected in one group and wholly absent from the other carry no estimable fold change and are listed separately rather than being reported as unchanged. Male mice only; sex cannot be examined as a variable.
Proteomics — sarcoplasmic fraction Available
skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius), sarcoplasmic fraction · 12 samples
Overview

Sample table and full pipeline in the explorer →

Protein abundance — sample groups
Differential abundance
954 of 958 protein groups testable
Open the full explorer to interact →
Detection
2.2% missing · 4 on/off
Open the full explorer to interact →
Proteomics — myofibrillar fraction Available
skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius), myofibrillar fraction · 12 samples
Overview

Sample table and full pipeline in the explorer →

Protein abundance — sample groups
Differential abundance
925 of 930 protein groups testable
Open the full explorer to interact →
Detection
2.0% missing · 5 on/off
Open the full explorer to interact →
Skeletal muscle proteomics — AML induction chemotherapy (Campelj 2025) — Proteomics — quadriceps (TMTpro 18-plex)
Samples
Assay facts
Pipeline & provenance
Volcano
Differentially abundant proteins
Detection classes
Detection per group
On/off proteins — present in one group, absent from the other

These have no estimable fold change. The underlying t-test returns a non-significant p-value for them purely because one group has no values at all, so they are excluded from the volcano and listed here instead. Where a dataset is multiplexed, rows marked one plex only lost half of every group to the plex boundary, so their call rests on fewer samples.

Download on/off table (CSV)
Skeletal muscle proteomics — C26 colorectal-cancer cachexia (Massart 2020) — Proteomics — sarcoplasmic fraction
Samples
Assay facts
Pipeline & provenance
Volcano
Differentially abundant proteins
Detection classes
Detection per group
On/off proteins — present in one group, absent from the other

These have no estimable fold change. The underlying t-test returns a non-significant p-value for them purely because one group has no values at all, so they are excluded from the volcano and listed here instead. Where a dataset is multiplexed, rows marked one plex only lost half of every group to the plex boundary, so their call rests on fewer samples.

Download on/off table (CSV)
Skeletal muscle proteomics — C26 colorectal-cancer cachexia (Massart 2020) — Proteomics — myofibrillar fraction
Samples
Assay facts
Pipeline & provenance
Volcano
Differentially abundant proteins
Detection classes
Detection per group
On/off proteins — present in one group, absent from the other

These have no estimable fold change. The underlying t-test returns a non-significant p-value for them purely because one group has no values at all, so they are excluded from the volcano and listed here instead. Where a dataset is multiplexed, rows marked one plex only lost half of every group to the plex boundary, so their call rests on fewer samples.

Download on/off table (CSV)

Skeletal muscle proteomics — human cancer cachexia and sarcopenia (Ebhardt 2017)

Human · Gastrointestinal cancer (gastric, oesophageal, pancreatic)

SWATH mass spectrometry of human quadriceps muscle biopsies across four groups -- patients with cancer cachexia, weight-stable cancer patients, healthy older adults, and adults with age-related sarcopenia. Used here to ask which muscle proteins distinguish cancer cachexia from cancer without weight loss, and whether cachexia and sarcopenia leave the same proteomic signature or different ones.

Exploratory Exploratory pilot data. Only around 400 protein groups were quantified per comparison -- shallow by present-day standards and heavily weighted toward abundant muscle proteins -- so absence of a protein here is uninformative rather than evidence against it. The cachectic group is small (four to five patients), the cohort is sex-imbalanced (twelve men to two women among the cancer patients) and per-sample sex is not published, so sex cannot be examined. The differential statistics are the authors' own mapDIA output, ingested unchanged. No per-sample abundances were published, so there is no abundance or detection view for this dataset.
Proteomics — quadriceps (SWATH-MS) Available
skeletal muscle (quadriceps)
Overview

Sample table and full pipeline in the explorer →

Differential abundance
349 of 345 protein groups testable · 5 contrasts
Open the full explorer to interact →
Skeletal muscle proteomics — human cancer cachexia and sarcopenia (Ebhardt 2017) — Proteomics — quadriceps (SWATH-MS)
Samples
Assay facts
Pipeline & provenance
Volcano
Differentially abundant proteins
Effect vs effect
Where the features went
One feature, both layers
Ranked by discordance
Which cell types express it (single-cell / single-nucleus)
Every record

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